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| Tips for Using System Dynamics Tools |
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Author(s):
Catalina Foothills School District |
Subject:
Implementation |
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From CFSD. This paper includes tips for using behavior-over-time graphs, causal loops diagrams and stock/flow maps. It is an excellent reference. |
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 PDF
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| Tooling Game |
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Author(s):
John Sterman, & Will Glass Husain |
Subject:
Cross-Curricular |
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From Catalina Foothills School District. STELLA II v. 3.0 model of John Sterman's "Tooling Game of Deadline Pressure." This model helps students analyze study habits; "tooling" is an MIT word for studying.
Complex Systems Connection: Cause within System, Short and Long Term Conflicts. Many people are familiar with the story of the grasshopper and the ant. This simulation allows students to experience the long-term pain of not keeping up with homework assignments! Students may think that teachers are out to "get them" with ever-increasing piles of assignments, but this simulation shows that their own study habits can be to blame for the end-of-the-semester crunch they run into. |
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 Zipped (Models & PDF)
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| Tragedy of Commons |
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Author(s):
Garrett Hardin |
Subject:
Cross-Curricular |
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The Tragedy of Commons paper written by Garrett Hardin and published in 1968 in Science. From the article"The tragedy of the commons develops in this way. Picture a pasture open to all. It is to be
expected that each herdsman will try to keep as many cattle as possible on the commons. Such an
arrangement may work reasonably satisfactorily for centuries because tribal wars, poaching, and
disease keep the numbers of both man and beast well below the carrying capacity of the land.
Finally, however, comes the day of reckoning, that is, the day when the long-desired goal of social
stability becomes a reality. At this point, the inherent logic of the commons remorselessly generates
tragedy." |
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| Tuck Everlasting: System Dynamics, Literature, and Living Forever |
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Author(s):
Carolyn Platt, Rob Quaden, & Debra Lyneis |
Subject:
English |
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In this lesson, sixth grade students use system dynamics tools to explore themes in the novel "Tuck Everlasting," by Natalie Babbitt. After reading the novel, students use behavior over time graphs and a simple system dynamics computer model to discuss their opinions on the story's major themes. |
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Zipped (Models & PDF)
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| Two Loops, Three Loops, or Four Loops: Pedagogic Issues in Explaining Epidemic Dynamics |
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Author(s):
James M. Lyneis, & Debra Lyneis |
Subject:
System Dynamics |
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How many feedback loops, and of
what type, control the behavior of an epidemic?
A search of the literature discovered two-, three-,
and four-loop versions of the basic epidemic
model in introductory system dynamics materials.
How can the same behavior be explained with
such different feedback structures? Can they
all be right? This paper analyzes the three
basic model structures and discusses
implications for system dynamics pedagogy.
We conclude that either the two- or four-loop
versions of the basic epidemic model are
acceptable representations, with the two-loop
version recommended for beginners; the
three-loop version of the system is never correct.
In addition, we suggest that the development of
incorrect representations such as the three-loop
epidemic model can be avoided if standard
system dynamics modeling practice is followed –
formulating a dynamic hypothesis to explain the
observed behavior. |
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PDF
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| Understanding Oscillations in Simple Systems |
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Author(s):
Nathaniel J Mass, & Peter M Senge |
Subject:
System Dynamics |
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This paper presents some arguments to succcesfully develop insight into simple oscillating systems. The paper analyzes a one-level model for the population growth of rabbits in a closed field to illustrate why a first-order negative-feedback system exhibits a smooth transition to equilibrium. It also analyzes a simple inventory workforce model to provide an intuitive explanation of the causes of convergent, divergent, and undamped oscillations. (D-2045-2, SDG, MIT 1975)
Complex Systems Connection: Cause within System. This paper addresses the topic of oscillation and can be used as a precusor to the Oscillations curriculum. In this curriculum, five interdisciplinary areas are covered in a series of lessons, utilizing a family of models that all generate oscillation. Oscillation in real-world systems is often considered problematic rather than a consequence of system structure. This progression of lessons will help students understand that undesirable behavior can be a consequence of system structure and not a result of outside, uncontrollable influences. In other words, a system that oscillates does so because it has an inherent tendency to do so. |
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PDF
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| Understanding the Tragedy of the Sahel (D-4302) |
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Author(s):
Corey L. Lofdahl |
Subject:
Cross-Curricular |
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A system dynamics analysis of the Sahel famine, through the tragedy of the commons and a number of models. Requires a Macintosh computer and STELLA software.
Complex Systems Connection: Cause within System. In systems where renewable resources are used up, people often blame others. Decisions to use the resource faster than it can be replenished is the real cause, however. |
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Zipped (Models & PDF)
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| Use of Gaming as a Tool in Education: Resources for Teachers |
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Author(s):
Dennis Meadows |
Subject:
Implementation |
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A partial list of a variety of materials that may be helpful to teachers interested in using games to supplement other methods for conveying the principles and tools of systems thinking. |
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PDF
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| Using Computer Models To Apply Concepts In Math (D-4326-1) |
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Author(s):
Tad T. Sudnick |
Subject:
Math |
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This paper advocates applying math knowledge in a high school science classroom on the premise that science and math should be taught together and that computer modeling is an extremely effective means of doing so. |
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PDF
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| Using Dynamic Simulation to Teach Physics in a Real-World Context |
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Author(s):
Gary B. Hirsch |
Subject:
Science |
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This paper describes a family of simulators that have been developed to teach several topics in physics, including circular motion, collisions, energy storage, and heat flow. These simulators provide students with laboratories for experimenting with the phenomena in the context of real world situations such as driving, home energy conservation, and sports. The paper contrasts dynamic simulation and traditional approaches to teaching physics. It also discusses the value of simulators with "user friendly" interfaces, compared to using System Dynamics models alone. The paper describes how each phenomenon was modeled and presents interfaces for each simulator. Note: The simulator works only with Windows.
Complex Systems Connection: Incorrect High-Leverage Policies. Physical systems can be feedback-rich, complex systems, in the same manner as social systems. They can provide counterintuitive responses to leverage points. In these simulations, students can experience some of the consequences of pushing high-leverage policies in the wrong direction. |
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